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Gordon Mac Gollob (16 June 1912 – 7 September 1987) was an Austrian-born German ''Luftwaffe'' military aviator during World War II, a fighter ace credited with 150 enemy aircraft shot down in over 340 combat missions. He claimed the majority of his victories over the Eastern Front, and six over the Western Front, including five as a Messerschmitt Bf 110 heavy fighter pilot. Born in Vienna, Gollob volunteered for military service in the Austrian ''Bundesheer'' (Austrian Armed Forces) in 1933. In March 1938, following the ''Anschluss'', the forced incorporation of Austria by Nazi Germany, Gollob was transferred to the ''Luftwaffe''. In 1939, Gollob was posted to ''Zerstörergeschwader'' 76 (ZG 76—76th Destroyer Wing), a twin-engined heavy fighter wing. Following the outbreak of World War II, he claimed his first aerial victory on 5 September 1939 during the Invasion of Poland. Gollob claimed one victory during the Battle of the Heligoland Bight and two victories during the Norwegian Campaign. He then transferred to ''Jagdgeschwader'' 3 (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing), flying the single-engined Messerschmitt Bf 109. In the aftermath of the Battle of Britain on the Channel Front, he claimed his sixth and final victory on the Western Front. Gollob then fought in the aerial battles of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. On 27 June 1941, Gollob was appointed ''Gruppenkommandeur'' (group commander) of the II. ''Gruppe'' (2nd group) of JG 3. He claimed 18 aerial victories in August and following his 42nd victory was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 18 September. He claimed 37 victories in October, including nine on 18 October and six on 22 October. On 26 October 1941, his total then at 85 aerial victories, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. In December 1941, Gollob was temporarily transferred to the ''Erprobungstelle Rechlin'', the ''Luftwaffe'' test facility at Rechlin. Following a commander-in-training assignment to the ''Stabsschwarm'' (headquarters unit) of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) on 13 March 1942, Gollob was appointed ''Geschwaderkommodore'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing) on 16 May 1942. He claimed his 100th victory on 20 May and on 23 June, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords on 23 June following his 107th aerial victory. On 29 August, Gollob became the first fighter pilot to claim 150 enemy aircraft destroyed and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds the next day. At the time of its presentation to Gollob it was Germany's highest military decoration. In fear of him being killed in action, Gollob was prohibited to fly further combat mission. On 15 October 1942, he was appointed ''Jagdfliegerführer'' 3 on the Western Front and ''Jagdfliegerführer'' 5 on 6 September 1943, responsible for the tactical fighter command of northwestern France. In April 1944, he was transferred to the staff of the ''General der Jagdflieger'' (General of Fighters). In January 1945, he succeeded ''Generalleutnant'' (Lieutenant General) Adolf Galland as ''General der Jagdflieger'', a position he held until the end of hostilities. Following World War II, he became General Secretary of the Federation of Independents (''Verband der Unabhängigen'') in Austria. He then worked in a sales position for the Klöckner Humboldt Deutz AG. Gollob, married and father of three children, died on 7 September 1987 at Sulingen, Germany. ==Early life and career== Gollob was born on 16 June 1912 in Vienna, the capital of Austria-Hungary. His father, Heinrich Gollob, worked as an academic painter. His mother, Johanna née Reininghaus, was the daughter of Zoe von Karajan, wife of Carl Reininghaus. Gollob was the first of five children. Both his parents had studied at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, there they mutually befriended Gordon Mallet McCouch, an American artist of Scottish descent. McCouch was his godfather and the namesake for his first and middle name Gordon Mac. Already in his youth, Gollob wanted to become an engineer and pilot. In 1930, as a student at an ''Oberrealschule'', a secondary school, he built his first primary glider in Tirol, experimenting with it at the old airfield at Innsbruck. He also completed his A and B-license to fly glider aircraft and became an instructor as well as a construction and airframe inspector. Following four semesters of mechanical engineering at the University of Graz, Gollob joined the Austrian ''Bundesheer'' (Austrian Armed Forces) in 1933 as an officer cadet in the artillery. For three years he was trained at the Maria Theresia Military Academy at Wiener Neustadt and was promoted to ''Leutnant'' (second lieutenant) on 1 September 1936. He then served as an instructor in the ''Luftstreitkräfte'' (Austrian Air Force) and commander of ''Schulstaffel A'' (Training Squadron A). Following the ''Anschluss'' in March 1938, the forced incorporation of Austria by Nazi Germany, Gollob was transferred to the ''Luftwaffe'' (the Nazi German Air Force). There, he was promoted to ''Oberleutnant'' (first lieutenant) on 1 June 1938. On 15 March 1939, Gollob was posted to the 3. ''Staffel'' (3rd squadron) of ''Zerstörergeschwader'' 76 (ZG 76—76th Destroyer Wing) flying the Messerschmitt Bf 110 twin-engined heavy fighter.〔For an explanation of ''Luftwaffe'' unit designations see Organization of the ''Luftwaffe'' during World War II.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gordon Gollob」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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